English-language media in Ireland

With English as an official language, all forms of media, including newspapers, magazines, TV stations and radio are available in Ireland. Irish, the other national language of Ireland, is spoken by a minority of the population, but it’s also used for signage.

There are five main national television stations, including RTE state-run channels and TG4, the Irish language network. Within these are HD channels, news channels and children’s programming in Irish and English. 

There are also numerous options for satellite or cable TV, many of which provide access to overseas channels.

Expats must have a TV licence to own a television, regardless of whether or not they're using the state-run service, a private satellite or cable provider. This licence can be paid monthly by direct debit or yearly through the post office. 

Postal services in Ireland

The postal services in Ireland are reliable. From Monday to Friday, deliveries are made to homes across the country. Mail can be sent via post boxes scattered around the towns and cities or from the nearest post office. Stamps can be purchased at some local convenience stores or at the post office.

Expats living in Ireland will fast learn that Irish Mist is more than just a whiskey – it's a permanent state of being. Rain is pretty much a constant in Ireland and it can come as a thunderstorm, a soft shower or commonly as a fine mist. Although the constant moisture in the air can be bothersome, Ireland's lush, green landscapes are one definite benefit of the copious rainfall.

Temperatures on the small island remain quite moderate and extremes are a rarity thanks to the mediating effect of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream. Summer months settle between 60°F and 70°F (16°C to 21°C) and winter months move between 40°F and 50°F (4°C to 10°C).

Spring is, for the most part, the driest time of year, except in the eastern part of the country. Otherwise, precipitation is at its heaviest in winter and autumn. Snow is not a common occurrence, but some parts of the country may experience frost.

Weather in Ireland is certainly no drawcard, but the little rainbows that follow short spurts of rainfall and the resultant verdant glades and valleys mean that the climate does have its advantages.

Most large businesses use a relocation company when moving employees to a new country or city, and most also offer their services to individuals helping make their move easier and less stressful. A relocation company can help people relocating to Ireland with a range of things, from organising the immigration paperwork and moving belongings, to setting up bank accounts, researching schools and finding suitable accommodation.

Here is a list of recommended relocation companies in Ireland.

Relocation companies in Ireland

Local companies

International companies

	Crown Relocations Crown Relocations provides transportation, destination and immigration services, as well as family support, to assist people relocating internationally. With experts working in Ireland, and many other countries worldwide, they provide the support, guidance, care and the personal attention needed to ensure a successful and seamless move for you and your family. Website: www.crownrelo.com
	Santa Fe Relocation Santa Fe Relocation has been in the business for more than 50 years, and provides comprehensive relocation services to individuals, families and businesses relocating to Ireland. Santa Fe Relocation is an international firm that knows what it takes to navigate the various bureaucratic and administrative obstacles of moving to a new country, and caters for a full spectrum of needs. Website: www.santaferelo.com
	K2 Corporate Mobility K2 Corporate Mobility is an independent, international relocation firm that provides personalised packages to support every type of domestic and international transfers, short-term or long-term. Operating globally with streamlined efficient and personalised services, K2 Corporate Mobility is worth considering when moving to Germany. Website: www.k2corporatemobility.com

Ireland may be small but it has an enormous amount to offer, including an incredibly rich culture, diverse artistic talent, lively people and gorgeous, lush landscapes.

The 'Celtic Tiger', which saw the economy and property market in Ireland boom from the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s, took Ireland from one of the EU’s poorer countries to one of the wealthiest. The recession that followed affected Ireland as badly as any Western country, but the country bounced back and experienced an economic boom in the last few years, particularly in light of Brexit regulations that saw a slew of big corporations move their European headquarters to Dublin.

In fact, the Irish capital has become so popular with expats since the upturn in the city's economic prospects that the demand for housing has skyrocketed, which in turn drove prices up to an extent where many locals can't even afford to live in the city any longer. However, despite the pricey cost of living, the quality of life in Ireland remains excellent and the people, culture and lifestyle outweigh many of life’s difficulties.

Below are some of our pros and cons of expat life in Ireland.

Accommodation in Ireland

+ PRO: Options to suit any budget

Ireland has a wide range of accommodation available to suit any budget. Many metros, especially Dublin, are extremely expensive to live in, but more affordable accommodation is available towards the outskirts of these cities. Conveniently, most places come furnished, including couches, tables, dressers and usually a new mattress.

Many city dwellers are moving away from metros and into 'commuter towns' in surrounding counties. While this often means travel times of up to two hours each way, the financial savings are considerable and, if expats are looking for somewhere rural, quiet, and with a good sense of community, bargains can be had in these areas.

Culture shock in Ireland

+ PRO: Proximity to Europe

Thanks to its excellent location, Ireland is a perfect launching pad for travelling. Barcelona is two hours away, Rome is three hours, and for a really short trip, the UK is barely 45 minutes away. If looking to experience other European cultures, Ireland is a great base to do that from.

- CON: The weather

Ireland’s size and location in the middle of the Atlantic cause frequent variation in weather conditions. It can be sunny, rainy or a mixture of both at any point in the day. Although it rarely snows in Ireland, if expats are unprepared the perpetual wet weather can definitely be a shock, so it's important to have warm jackets and umbrellas on hand regardless of the time of year.

Working and doing business in Ireland

+ PRO: Annual leave

By law, all those who work full-time in Ireland are entitled to 20 days of annual leave. It's not usually possible to get away with not taking leave and most employers will also award extra vacation days to long-term employees.

Cost of living in Ireland

- CON: Cost of living is high

Everything is priced in EUR, and the high demand for accommodation in cities such as Dublin is driving the cost of living through the roof. Naturally, the further one moves from Dublin, the lower the cost of living will be.

Safety in Ireland

+ PRO: Safe with few guns

Ireland is very safe. Guns are illegal unless one owns a farm. Naturally, some are smuggled in, and shootings do occur every now and then and are hyped up by the media. Compared to the USA, though, gun crime is near non-existent and the annual crime statistics released by the Central Statistic’s Office (CSO) backs this up. However, like anywhere, there are bad areas and caution should still be taken.

- CON: Less police

There is not a large visible police presence, and the response times when they are needed can be slow.

Healthcare in Ireland

+ PRO: Healthcare is accessible

Both private and public healthcare are available in Ireland. The public healthcare system is funded by general taxes. If needing immediate attention it's likely that a subsidised fee depending on age and income will have to be paid, but the cost should nevertheless be minor. Otherwise, if it is something that can wait, expats should expect to go on a waiting list. There are numerous private healthcare providers where one can pay for services such as private rooms and no waiting lists.

- CON: Waiting lists and A&E delays

The waiting lists for medical procedures can be as long as a few weeks. However, if going to emergency care for something non-life threatening, expect a delay. A standard wait before being treated is between 10 and 14 hours. This obviously deters a majority of those without serious conditions from going to the hospital and is an ongoing source of debate and frustration in Ireland.

Lifestyle in Ireland

+ PRO: Pubs, pubs and more pubs

Ireland doesn’t mess around when it comes to its pubs. Take a walk through any city here, and there’ll be more pubs per square foot than anything else. Whether in search of a small quiet pub with a handful of patrons, or a full-on standing room-only, shout-over-the-noise pub, Ireland has it.

- CON: Not much of a social scene without alcohol

The lifestyle in Ireland has incorporated alcohol into its very core. This is great for those who enjoy a drink, but if not, there’s not really much to accommodate. There are of course sights to see and things to do all over the country that don’t involve alcohol and Ireland is famous for its theatres, music, sites and people. But ultimately, the pub is the number one destination for many locals and expats alike. 

Transportation in Ireland

+ PRO: Cheap rental cars and plenty of public transportation

Ireland’s size makes travelling the country exceedingly easy. Rental cars are incredibly cheap and buses run between cities, as do trains. Public transportation in Ireland is heavily relied on. If moving to Ireland, expats should make sure to figure out local train and bus times, as both are readily available.

- CON: Delays and expensive fuel

Ireland is small, and so are its roads. Approximately a third of Ireland's population lives in Dublin. Expats can expect the usual traffic associated with any major city, and if taking the inner-city rail line, prepare for daily delays and stoppages in services during rush hour. Petrol in Ireland is generally expensive.

Ireland, well known for its hospitable and genial people, has a diverse and distinctive culture. Due to the increasing immigrant population, the country is a vibrant blend of various countries, cultures, ethnicities and languages. Those who choose to call Ireland home can anticipate encountering this vibrant diversity. Here, we delve into the various facets of diversity and inclusion that newcomers to Ireland might experience.

Accessibility in Ireland

Accessibility in Ireland can vary greatly depending on the region. Urban areas are generally more accessible than rural locations, with public facilities and transport often equipped with features to accommodate individuals with disabilities. Ireland's National Disability Authority is instrumental in guiding these improvements, advocating for universal design and inclusive practices across public services.

Notable cities for accessibility include Dublin and Galway, both of which have invested in improving infrastructure and services for those with disabilities. The government's Accessible Ireland initiative mandates that all new public constructions and significant renovations adhere to strict accessibility guidelines, which has led to the development of more inclusive public spaces and facilities. Service animals are generally welcome on all types of public transport and in public areas.

Public spaces in large cities have been made more accessible through various initiatives. For instance, all of the Luas trams in Dublin are wheelchair accessible, and new buses in the public fleet are all wheelchair friendly. However, expats with disabilities should thoroughly research the specific location they're moving to, as accessibility standards may vary across the country.

Useful resources

www.nda.ie
www.transportforireland.ie
www.visitdublin.com

LGBTQ+ in Ireland

Ireland, a country where homosexuality had been illegal until 1993, has made notable advancements in terms of LGBTQ+ rights. While most countries legalise same-sex marriage by way of legislative or judicial procedures, Ireland made history by being the first country to do so by popular vote. Sexual orientation-based discrimination is prohibited, and since 2015, transgender people have had the legal right to legally change their gender without the need for medical intervention.

Despite these developments, problems remain. Significant social challenges include issues like LGBTQ+ youth homelessness, with a Focus Ireland report stating that LGBTQ+ youth are disproportionately at risk. Despite legal safeguards, discrimination, particularly in the workplace, is still a problem.

On the other hand, cities like Dublin and Cork are recognised for their thriving LGBTQ+ communities, and celebrations like Dublin Pride are evidence of the country's increasing acceptance of those who are LGBTQ+.

Further reading

www.nxf.ie
www.belongto.org

Gender equality in Ireland

Although Ireland has made tremendous progress in recent years towards gender equality, there are still obstacles. For instance, in 2022, the gender wage gap was close to 10 percent, meaning that women made roughly 90 percent of what men made, a rate that was nonetheless somewhat higher than the EU average. Particular industries, such as banking and technology, exhibit this disparity more overtly.

There is a significant gap in the labour force participation rate even though the country provides generous maternity and paternity leave, with mothers eligible for 26 weeks of paid leave and fathers for two weeks. Because approximately 60 percent of women are part of the workforce – versus 70 percent of men – there is a need for measures that encourage more equitable participation.

Reproductive rights have seen landmark changes, with the 2018 referendum that repealed the Eighth Amendment, legalising abortion up to 12 weeks of pregnancy, with exceptions for certain circumstances beyond this timeframe.

Ireland's Equality Act protects against discrimination based on gender, and government initiatives are in place to promote gender balance across public service roles. Public sentiment towards gender equality has also evolved positively, yet some conservative attitudes persist, particularly in rural areas.

Useful resources

www.nwci.ie

Women in leadership in Ireland

While the representation of women in leadership roles is gradually improving in Ireland, the road ahead is still long. As of 2022, women hold 23 percent of seats in the Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Irish parliament), a considerable increase from just a few decades ago. In the corporate sector, progress is slower, with only three in 36 Irish CEOs being women. Despite government initiatives and quotas aimed at boosting female representation, this suggests that deep-rooted societal and organisational barriers might hinder faster progress.

Further reading

www.30percentclub.org
www.5050-group.com

Mental health awareness in Ireland

Irish public healthcare offers mental health services, but due to underfunding and personnel shortages, patients frequently face lengthy wait times. That said, mental health awareness in Ireland has increased significantly in recent years.

The risks of mental health problems may be exacerbated for expats because they experience additional stressors, such as cultural acclimatisation and isolation from their regular support networks.

The Irish government has introduced the "A Vision for Change" policy, which aims to completely restructure mental health services with a focus on providing person-centred and recovery-oriented care. The complete implementation of this policy is, however, incomplete.

Additionally essential to advancing mental health support and understanding in Ireland are numerous non-profit organisations. Through teaching and outreach programmes, Mental Health Ireland, for instance, actively promotes mental health and well-being. Aware provides extensive support to individuals dealing with depression and bipolar disorder.

Useful resources

www.mentalhealthireland.ie
www.aware.ie

Unconscious bias education in Ireland

Unconscious bias refers to often unintentional and automatic judgements or stereotypes about people who are different from us. In Ireland, just as in many countries worldwide, there's growing recognition of the impact of unconscious bias in the workplace and society at large, affecting areas such as hiring practices and career progression.

Various governmental and non-profit initiatives are in place to educate and raise awareness about unconscious bias in personal and work conditions. Workplace training programmes on diversity, inclusion and unconscious bias are increasingly common in businesses nationwide.

Further reading

www.ihrec.ie

Diversification of the workforce in Ireland

As of 2023, foreign workers constitute approximately 18 percent of the Irish workforce, contributing to the richness of the business landscape. Although individuals from Poland and the UK make up substantial portions, the workforce also boasts a broad representation of other nationalities, enhancing Ireland's diversity.

Companies in Ireland are recognising the advantages of a varied workforce, and many are implementing diversity and inclusion initiatives. These programmes frequently centre on developing a diverse workplace culture that supports equitable chances regardless of a person's gender, ethnicity, handicap, age or sexual orientation.

Accepting a more varied and inclusive workforce has enhanced the corporate environment and stimulated economic progress. A diverse workforce enhances innovation, informed decision-making and a more global outlook within Irish businesses.

Further reading

www.cipd.org

Safety in Ireland

Ireland is generally considered a safe country and has a relatively low crime rate. The country typically ranks well in global safety indices.

For instance, Ireland was rated the third safest country in the world in the 2023 Global Peace Index. Safety in Ireland can, however, vary based on several circumstances, including geography, with urban regions possibly having more crime than rural areas.

The usual safety precautions are advised: stay attentive to personal belongings in public places, avoid walking alone in dark or secluded regions at night, and refrain from providing personal information to strangers. The Gardaí and several community safety initiatives provide safety information and services to residents and tourists.

Although violent crime in Ireland is relatively infrequent compared to global averages, minor crimes such as theft and burglary are more common, particularly in urban areas like Dublin and Cork. Reflecting global trends, cybercrime is also an escalating concern, prompting government actions to counter these threats.

Ireland is considered to have a low risk of terrorism compared to other European countries, largely due to the government's successful counterterrorism initiatives and the accords of peace that have dealt with domestic terrorism. It's always a good idea to be on the lookout, though, especially at large public events.

Useful resources

www.garda.ie

Calendar initiatives in Ireland

• January – First Fortnight: a two-week mental health arts festival
• 8 March – International Women's Day
• 21 March – International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
• April – Autism Acceptance Month
• 1 May – International Workers' Day
• May – Bealtaine Festival: celebrates arts and older people
• June – Pride Month: a month-long celebration of the LGBTQ+ community
• June – Traveller Pride Week: a celebration of the Traveller community and their contributions to Irish society
• 9 August – International Day of the World's Indigenous Peoples
• 10 October – World Mental Health Day
• 20 November – Transgender Day of Remembrance
• 3 December – International Day of Persons with Disabilities
• 10 December – Human Rights Day

While the rest of Europe follows the standard of driving on the right-hand side of the road, one of the few remnants of British rule in the Republic of Ireland is driving on the left. This is the only major challenge self-driving expats are likely to face when it comes to transport and driving in Ireland. 

While major cities such as Dublin have modern and efficient transport networks, some of Ireland's infrastructure isn't necessarily of the same standard. That said, expats won't have much trouble getting around the Emerald Isle, as its public transport network is still more comprehensive and efficient than that of most countries.

Public transport in Ireland

Trains

Ireland has a punctual and comfortable rail network that connects most major towns and cities. It is an affordable option if commuters plan ahead.

Dublin is connected to surrounding counties by a commuter rail and DART (Dublin Area Rapid Transport), which provide affordable options for those living outside Dublin but work in the city.

Buses

Ireland has a city and intercity bus network. Buses serving remote areas may not run on Sundays and may experience delays in winter.

Bus Éireann is the most prevalent intercity bus operator. Timetables, information desks and its website make it simple to work out routes. Other companies, such as Dublin Bus, also run intercity buses so there are usually several options for getting around. 

Taxis in Ireland

It’s quite easy to hail a taxi in Ireland: just look out for the distinctive yellow and blue signage. One can either hail these from the street, get one at a taxi rank, call for one or order one via an app. All taxis are metered and charges are more or less the same throughout the country. 

Ride-hailing services are also available, including Uber, FREE NOW and Bolt.

Driving in Ireland

Dublin’s roads are among Europe's safest and drivers outside the city are generally courteous. It is not necessary for expats living in cities such as Dublin, Cork and Galway to have a car, however. All have extensive public transport networks and are easy enough to navigate on foot. However, a car may come in handy out in the countryside, where public transport may be scarce. 

Country driving can be intimidating. Roads are narrow, unmarked or unsealed in places, and the hedgerows are in thick bloom during summer, sometimes obscuring back-road bends. The best advice is to keep left and drive slowly.

Expats can drive on a valid foreign driver's licence for up to 12 months in Ireland. After 12 months they must apply for an Irish driver’s licence. Ireland has an agreement with several countries, including EU nations, for licence conversion without testing. Other countries can convert their licences after completing testing. 

Cycling in Ireland

For the eco-conscious expat, cycling in Ireland is becoming increasingly popular. Dublin has an extensive network of cycle lanes, and it is entirely feasible to swap four wheels for two in most cities. Outside the capital, it is popular to take a Sunday pedal through the countryside. There are cycle routes, particularly in County Kerry, that are hugely popular, even in the rain.

Expats planning on doing business in Ireland can look forward to a welcoming and friendly work environment.

An active member of the European Union, many foreign companies view Ireland as a gateway to the European market. Numerous multinational firms have offices in Ireland, and particularly in Dublin, the country’s commercial and economic centre. 

Most expats work in one of the major industries in Ireland, which include business services, finance, IT, pharmaceuticals and the food industry.

The standard of schools and education in Ireland is high. Education is compulsory for children from ages six to 16, and expat children are usually eligible to attend local Irish schools. 

Education in Ireland consists of state-funded public or national schools and private schools. Irish schools include religious schools, non-denominational schools and schools which teach the national curriculum in Gaelic.

The main language of instruction at Irish schools is English. Gaelic classes are part of the local curriculum but foreign children are not required to learn the language. 

Public schools in Ireland

The quality of education at public schools in Ireland is high, and many expat parents are perfectly happy to enrol their children at public schools. Although public school education is provided free of charge, parents are usually expected to pay for uniforms, school books and extra-curricular activities. 

All public schools follow the Irish national curriculum. The Irish public schooling system is known for being exam focused, which some expat children struggle to adjust to. 

Private schools in Ireland

There are a number of private schools in Ireland, most of them located in Dublin. These schools are privately funded and are not subject to state control with regards to curriculum and the daily management of the school. 

Many private schools have religious affiliations and in most cases Catholic foundations, while some institutions teach in Gaelic. Irish private schools can be expensive with a tuition of thousands of euros per year. 

International schools in Ireland

A number of international schools in Ireland specifically cater to foreign nationals, including German, French and Japanese schools. There are also a few schools that offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum, although most of these are located in Dublin. 

International schools in Ireland are difficult to get into and often have long waiting lists, so parents should apply as soon as possible. Tuition fees can be steep, and expats who insist on having their children attend an international school should factor these costs into their employment contract negotiations before arriving in Ireland.

Tutors in Ireland

Children arriving in a new country are often daunted by the uncertainty and unfamiliarity of new surroundings, and they stand to benefit a great deal from a dedicated tutor who could not only educate them academically, but also provide a helping hand in settling in and building some confidence. Those expat children who aren’t fluent in English will find particular value in an English language tutor in Ireland. 

The country has a huge array of tutors to choose from, specialising in a variety of subjects and age groups. Some of the top tutoring agencies include First Tutors Ireland, Home Tutoring Ireland and GradIreland.

Special-needs education in Ireland

All children in Ireland with disabilities and children with special needs have the constitutional right to free education up to the age of 18. The Irish policy is to provide special needs education in mainstream schools as far as possible, and to educate those children with special needs in an inclusive setting unless it’s not in the best interests of the child or the effective provision of education for other children in mainstream schools.

There are a number of special schools in Ireland, mostly in Dublin, catering for particular types of disability and special needs, among them schools for students who have a general learning disability at a mild or moderate level; schools for visually impaired and hearing impaired students; schools for students with physical disabilities; and schools for students with emotional disabilities.

Whether going to Ireland on holiday or business, nationals of certain countries will need to acquire the relevant visa. To ensure a smooth transition, it's important that travellers take some time to familiarise themselves with the various visas for Ireland, and find out what is needed to enter the Republic legally. 

Short Stay C Visas for Ireland

Although Ireland is part of the EU, it is not part of the Schengen Area, meaning that Schengen visas cannot be used to enter the country. Travellers who are nationals of certain countries, including those in the EU and select others, do not need a visa to enter Ireland.

Citizens of some countries who hold a UK visa can enter the Republic of Ireland without an Irish visa as part of a visa-waiver programme. This includes a number of countries in Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe. There are specific requirements, however, and expats should confirm these with their respective Irish embassy or consulate.

Short Stay C Visas for Ireland are valid for up to 90 days and can be used to enter the country for tourism, business, visiting family or friends, or taking a short course.

Long Stay D Visas for Ireland

Expats who are not from the EU/EEA and who want to stay in Ireland for longer than three months will need to get a Long-Stay D Visa. This applies to expats who intend to work, study or stay with family in Ireland. In addition to the relevant visa and travel documents required, applicants may need to prove they have enough funds to support themselves for the duration of their proposed stay.

Expats looking to work in the country will need to first apply for an Irish employment permit with the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE). Following this, the applicant will need to obtain a Long Stay Visa to enter Ireland. Once in the country, applicants must register with the Irish Immigration Service (IIS) and apply for a residence permit.

*Visa regulations are subject to change at short notice and expats should contact their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details. 

One of the most beautiful countries in Europe, Ireland offers expats all manner of lovely accommodation options, and the type of housing largely depends on the city or county an expat settles in. Whether looking for a country home, a beachside cottage or a modern city apartment, expats have a range of accommodation types to choose from, the specifics of which will often come down to lifestyle and location of employment.

Most expats living in Ireland rent accommodation rather than buy. That said, it is worth considering buying a property for those who plan to live in Ireland for the long term.

When looking for accommodation in Ireland, it is important to consider a property’s proximity to work, good schools and public transport, especially in the larger cities. Public schools in Ireland generally give priority to children in their catchment areas. Since places are often limited, parents should try to secure accommodation close to a particular school if they want to send their children there.

It is also worth noting that in Irish cities, as in most major cities around the world, the further away from public transport a property is, the cheaper it is. 

Types of accommodation in Ireland

With cost of housing continuing to rise in Ireland, particularly in Dublin, expats will have to contend with the low supply and high demand of accommodation in the country.

The most common types of accommodation in Irish cities such as Dublin and Cork are apartments and semi-detached row houses. Freestanding houses are more common in towns and villages. Older houses and apartments are usually more spacious, while rental prices are lower the further away from the city centre one searches.

Many younger expats and students choose to live in house shares, where they have their own bedroom but share the common living areas of an apartment or house.

Most apartments and houses in Dublin and other cities come fully furnished, including couches, tables, dressers and kitchen appliances. 

Finding accommodation in Ireland

There are plenty of websites that advertise housing in Ireland, and local newspapers are also a good source to search for rentals. Local supermarkets often have noticeboards where property rentals are advertised.

Estate agents are another route when searching for a home in Ireland but, unlike in many other countries, rental agencies in Ireland often bill the renter rather than the property owner. The fee is usually the equivalent of one month's rent. 

Renting accommodation in Ireland

Making an application

Once new arrivals have found a potential new home in Ireland, we recommend they submit an application as soon as possible. Prospective renters, and expats especially, will have to prove – often with bank statements – that they can indeed afford the lease, and agents or landlords will in all probability perform background and credit checks.

Deposits

A rental deposit of between one and three months' rent is usually expected in Ireland. Deposits are refunded, but landlords are allowed to make deductions from the deposit or keep the whole amount for various reasons, including to cover unpaid rent, for damages in excess of normal wear and tear, other breaches of the lease agreement, unpaid utility bills, or – if pre-arranged with tenant – to cover the last month’s rent.

Leases

Expats in Ireland are usually able to choose between fixed-term and periodic tenancy in most apartments. This will be helpful to expats who are unable to commit to a full year's lease in the Emerald Isle.

A fixed-term tenancy, as the name suggests, covers rental for a set period of time as specified in the lease. There is no standardised period for this contract as far as the law goes, and the landlord and tenant are free to determine the length of the lease themselves. However, neither party may end the tenancy before the end of the fixed term unless both parties agree to do so or one of the parties has breached their obligations under the lease.

A periodic tenancy is more open-ended and does not specify a period of time. This gives both landlord and tenant the right to end the tenancy at any time as long as an appropriate notice of termination has been given. 

Utilities

The first thing expats should know about utilities in Ireland is that there’s no such thing. Gas, water, electricity and refuse services are referred to as “the bills”, and an expat will likely be met with blank stares if they make any mention of “utilities”.

The Electricity Supply Board remains the main electricity provider in Ireland. However, there is growing competition from other companies such as Bord Gáis Energy and Electric Ireland.

Standard voltage in Ireland is 230V AC, and the cost of electricity is relatively high. Costs are based on the number of units used, but the time of use can make a big difference to the final bill, with usage during off-peak hours costing less than usage during peak hours. 

Gas is commonly used for cooking and heating in Ireland. Gas is provided via an underground pipe network, which is managed by Gas Networks Ireland. Despite the fact that only one company manages the network, consumers can choose their own gas provider. Most electricity providers can also provide gas.

Charges for waste removal vary greatly from area to area. Most houses or apartment buildings operate with a system of coloured bins for the purpose of separating recyclables from other rubbish. It is also possible to visit recycling depots and landfills to dispose of rubbish if one prefers not to pay for garbage disposal, but this can be a great inconvenience and is generally not worth it.

In recent years, Ireland has become one of Europe's unlikely success stories. A picturesque island west of the UK with lush landscapes and rugged, stormy coasts, Ireland is attracting more and more expats not only with its wonderful scenery but also thanks to its recent economic growth and excellent standards of living.

Living in Ireland as an expat

The Emerald Isle, as it is sometimes poetically called, is home to roughly 5 million people – almost half the population of New York City. Although infamous for its perpetually inclement weather, Ireland's cloudy forecasts don’t detract from the attractions of a country that boasts an impressive natural aesthetic and values a relaxed way of life.

A host of multinational companies that arrived during the country's economic boom of recent years brought with them a sizeable expat population. Many American and British expats are flocking to the country for its abundance of business opportunities and available jobs.

Cost of living in Ireland

The huge influx of foreigners does mean that the demand for housing and amenities has spiked dramatically, resulting in a sharp rise in the country's, and especially Dublin's, cost of living. In fact, prices in the capital are now even comparable to major cities such as New York and London.

Expat families and children

Expats moving to Ireland can expect excellent healthcare services and a good education for their children. Public schools in Ireland are free to all residents, including foreign residents, and many expats choose to send their children to public schools rather than expensive private and international schools.

Families will be spoilt for choice when it comes to entertainment, particularly in Dublin, where there are museums, zoos and parks aplenty.

Climate in Ireland

It's safe to say that Ireland's climate is not one of its selling points – but most expats feel that, with so much else to offer, Ireland's rainy weather doesn't put too much of a dampener on life in the Emerald Isle.

Ultimately, the upsides of living here far outweigh the downsides. Not only is it a lovely country to call home, but its convenient location makes it an excellent base for exploring the rest of Europe.

Fast facts

Population: 5 million

Capital city: Dublin 

Neighbouring countries: The Republic of Ireland is situated on an island to the west of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom, is on the north side of the island.

Geography: The coast of Ireland is rugged and mountainous, while the central area of the island consists of flat plains.

Political system: Unitary parliamentary republic

Major religions: Christianity

Main languages: English and Irish

Money: The Euro (EUR), divided into 100 cents. ATMs and card services are readily available throughout the country.

Tipping: 10 to 15 percent in restaurants for good service, unless gratuity has already been added to the bill.

Time: GMT+0 (GMT+1 from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October)

Electricity: 230V, 50Hz. Three-pronged plugs with flat blades are standard.

International dialling code: +353

Emergency contacts: 112 or 999

Internet domain: .ie

Transport and driving: Ireland has a comprehensive public transport system, with buses being the most popular form of public transport. Driving is on the left-hand side of the road.

Expats moving to Ireland will undoubtedly have questions about their new home. Below are the answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about life on the Emerald Isle. 

Is Ireland safe?

Yes, Ireland is very safe. Like in most major cities, there are certain areas in Dublin where one should be careful about walking at night. Otherwise, expats shouldn't be overly concerned with the presence of serious crime.

Is it always rainy in Ireland?

It is often rainy in Ireland, but not always. The weather is worst in January and December, but it rains throughout the year. Despite being at a high longitude, snow is not very common and Dublin is less rainy than much of Ireland. The good news is that all the rain keeps Ireland famously green.

Is it easy to travel to mainland Europe or to Britain from Ireland?

Yes, travel is easy. Expats can use a low-cost airline to travel from Ireland to just about everywhere in Europe. Several ferry lines also connect Britain and Ireland.

Will I need a car in Ireland?

Not necessarily, especially in the larger cities, many of which have excellent public transport networks. However, expats living in rural areas might find themselves more isolated and in need of a car to get around.

With an established financial sector, expats will find that banking and taxes in Ireland are similar to that of the UK and the USA. Regardless, no matter where you are, taxes can quickly become complicated, and even more so in unfamiliar surroundings. We therefore recommended that expats hire a tax expert.

The biggest banks in Ireland are traditionally Bank of Ireland, Allied Irish Banks, Danske Bank and Ulster Bank. There are also many multinational banks that have branches in Ireland – this can be useful for serial expats or those who already have an account with the same bank back home. 

Currency in Ireland

As part of the European Union, the official currency of Ireland is the Euro (EUR), which is divided into 100 cents.

• Notes: 5 EUR, 10 EUR, 20 EUR, 50 EUR, 100 EUR, 200 EUR and 500 EUR 

• Coins: 5 cents, 10 cents, 20 cents and 50 cents, and 1 EUR and 2 EUR 

Banking in Ireland

The major banks in Ireland offer a range of services as well as internet banking options, which are popular and easy to use.

Opening a bank account

It is easier to open a bank account in Ireland in person than trying to open one before arriving. To open an account, expats will need at least their passport and proof of address, but each bank will have their own requirements. The account can take some time to activate, so expats in Ireland should plan to keep money elsewhere while this processes. 

ATMs and credit cards

ATMs are widely available in Irish towns and cities, and it is possible to use a foreign card at most ATMs. Credit cards are widely accepted across the country, although card facilities and ATMs may be limited in more remote areas. 

Taxes in Ireland

Tax status in Ireland depends on an expat's residency status. Expats qualify for tax residency if they are in the country for 183 days or more in a tax year, or 280 days over two consecutive tax years.

Irish residents have to pay tax on income derived from both inside and outside Ireland, while non-residents pay tax only on their income within the country.

Everyone in Ireland has to pay a standard rate of 20 percent on their taxable income up to a certain amount, which depends on whether the person is single, married or a single parent. Everything earned above the cut-off point is taxed at 40 percent.

Ireland has tax treaties with most countries, but there are many legal loopholes and idiosyncrasies involved in this that are best worked out by a professional.

Skilled expat professionals are actively recruited to work in Ireland to address skills shortages in the local workforce.

European Union (EU) citizens are eligible to work without a work permit in Ireland and tend to have the least trouble finding employment opportunities. Non-EU citizens will usually need an Irish work permit.

Given some institutional difficulties associated with starting a business, almost all expats in Ireland work for an established employer, a start-up, or are transferred through one of the big corporations that are increasingly establishing offices in Ireland's major cities.

Job market in Ireland

It is seen as strategically useful for specific industries in Ireland to hire expats. Fortunately for foreign candidates looking to move to Ireland, these skills gaps cover various professions in numerous industries such as finance, IT, healthcare, construction management, medical research and, more recently, tech start-ups.

Dublin, specifically, has seen a recent surge of jobs and business opportunities for those with the desired qualifications and experience.

Some jobs in Ireland are not open to foreign workers without exceptional circumstances, such as administrative positions, domestic work, retail work, and various craftworkers, including electricians, builders and mechanics. 

Finding a job in Ireland

All professions in Ireland belong to an association and, depending on the type of organisation it is, the association may, in turn, regulate the profession. These associations can be a good starting point for expats looking for a job in Ireland. Other avenues include online job portals, social networks – LinkedIn proving particularly useful, adverts in local news publications and employment agencies. It's also worth browsing company websites for vacancies in an expat's field.

Work culture in Ireland

Expats working in Ireland will find that, while the Irish value their free time, they also pride themselves on being hard workers. Work usually starts at 9am and finishes at 5.30pm with a one-hour lunch break. The average work week is 39 hours, from Monday to Friday.

Healthcare in Ireland is modern, safe and among the best in the world. Expats living in Ireland usually qualify for free or subsidised public health services, which are funded by the government.

Ireland's two-tier system means that expats in Ireland can choose to use either the government-funded public healthcare system or the private system, for which fees must be paid in full. 

Public healthcare in Ireland

Public hospitals in Ireland are either owned and funded by the Health Service Executive (HSE) or are voluntary public hospitals that may be privately operated but are funded by the government.

The public system, although providing similar quality of care to that found in private hospitals, is overbooked and waiting lists can be long, even for operations that demand some urgency.

Anyone who is classified as 'ordinarily resident' in Ireland has access to publicly funded healthcare. However, expats should note that public healthcare in Ireland is not completely free of charge. Some treatments require a subsidised fee for patients who do not have a Medical Card, which is allocated according to an individual’s income, age, illness and/or disability. 

EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to access state healthcare during a short-term visit. UK citizens can make use of their Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC), which replaced the EHIC for UK citizens post-Brexit.

Private healthcare in Ireland

Private hospitals in Ireland operate independently of the state and require patients to pay the full cost of treatment. We therefore recommend that expats either negotiate a healthcare subsidy with their employer, or ensure that their salary package is large enough to cover private healthcare insurance if it is their preference.

Private healthcare can also be provided in public hospitals through the designation of private beds. Patients who opt for private healthcare in public facilities are required to pay for all hospital services as well as doctors' fees. 

Health insurance in Ireland

If one doesn't qualify for a Medical Card, the Irish government provides other options for obtaining free or subsidised care, such as GP Visit Cards and the Long-Term Illness Scheme.

Despite subsidised treatment, many Irish citizens and most expats opt for private health insurance in Ireland. Private insurance allows patients to receive immediate treatment, but expats should check whether an overseas provider is accepted by private hospitals in Ireland before signing up. As mentioned, some employers may pay for private health insurance, and expats should try to negotiate this into their employment package. 

Medicines and pharmacies in Ireland

Pharmacies are widely available in Irish towns and cities. However, some areas may not have any 24-hour pharmacies, although some pharmacies do stay open late into the evening.

Prescription medications are provided free of charge to those with a Medical Card. If ordinarily resident in Ireland, expats can apply for the Drugs Payment Scheme. The scheme puts a cap on how much residents can pay for prescription drugs with any cost above the cap covered by the government. 

Emergency services in Ireland

Both public and private hospitals have Accident and Emergency (A&E) departments for serious emergencies. Expats can dial 999 or 112 for an ambulance in an emergency. Patients without a Medical Card may be charged for A&E services.

Expats will find plenty of shipping and removal services to Ireland, particularly to Dublin. The large marketplace of competition can often help to lower prices, thus expats should take care to get more than one quote.

Shipping goods to Ireland

Expats from European Union countries can easily bring their cargo into Ireland with few restrictions. Although expats from countries outside the EU face some duty restrictions, foreigners seeking residence in Ireland can import most of their household goods duty-free. This allowance is limited to a time frame of six months before the move and 12 months after. Motor vehicles are included in duty-free imports for resident expats.

It is recommended to take out movers' insurance for any items of value being shipped to Ireland.

For expats moving with their animals, there are a number of specific requirements in place to relocate with pets to Ireland. 

In order to be legally employed, many expats will need to obtain a work visa for Ireland. However, citizens of the EU, the EEA and Switzerland do not need a work permit for Ireland and can generally work freely without one.

Those who do require a work permit will usually need an employment offer before applying. As a result, many companies handle much of the visa process on behalf of their foreign employees. There are various types of employment permits available for Ireland, each of which has its own requirements and process of application. 

General Employment Permits

Work permits for Ireland are issued by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (DETE) and can be applied for by the employer or the employee, based on an offer of employment.

An Irish employment permit is typically valid for two years with options for renewal, and the job on offer must meet minimum salary requirements as set by the government. The candidate must also have the relevant qualifications, skills and experience for the job. 

Critical Skills Employment Permits

The Critical Skills Employment Permit is aimed at attracting skilled expats to Ireland.

To qualify for the permit, the candidate’s proposed salary would need to meet government requirements. The required salary is lower if the position in question is listed in the Highly Skilled Occupations List. The list highlights local skills and personnel shortages in fields such as IT, healthcare, construction and finance.

The critical skills permit is valid for two years and does not need to be renewed; expats may be granted a stamp for permission to stay for another two years when the permit expires, provided they are still working in the same occupation for the same employer and for at least the same salary stated on the permit.

Intra-Company Transfer Employment Permits

This permit is aimed at transferring employees within the same company. These employees need to either be senior management, attending training or otherwise have a good reason for transferring. If the expat leaves the company, their work permit is also terminated.

Working Holiday Authorisations

Visitors from a number of countries may apply for a Working Holiday Authorisation (WHA). The WHA can only be used for casual work, and cannot be converted to an employment permit. Applicants must have proof of sufficient funds for the duration of their stay.

*Requirements for employment and work permits are subject to change at short notice and expats are advised to consult with their respective embassy or consulate for the latest details.

Everyday life in Ireland is not that different from life in the UK or the United States, and for the most part, expats coming from a Western culture are unlikely to experience any serious culture shock.

Ireland’s cities are bustling cosmopolitan centres offering a mix of cuisines and cultures, and the country is well accustomed to foreigners, although it may take some time to form lasting friendships with locals.

No matter where an expat lives in Ireland, they are sure to receive céad míle fáilte – “one hundred thousand welcomes”.

Socialising in Ireland

As the home of Guinness, pub culture is popular in Ireland. The alcohol consumption age is 18 and alcohol forms a big part of the social and nightlife scene.

Expats should be sure to do their research when looking for a place to eat. There are plenty of fine-dining restaurants in Irish cities, but take note that not all places serve food and, after a certain time, almost every pub, bar or club will serve only drinks.

The dress code for a night out depends on the venue. For men, jeans are generally accepted. However, certain places will refuse a person entry if they are wearing 'runners' or tennis shoes. A decent pair of work shoes and a button-up shirt is acceptable almost everywhere. The ladies in Ireland dress to impress and revealing clothing will be seen in all age groups, which could come as a slight shock for some. Teenagers tend to dress more provocatively, particularly on St Patrick’s Day, and this can be alarming for expats from conservative regions. 

Language barrier in Ireland

English is the primary language spoken in Ireland, but Irish or Gaeilge is present in everyday life and can be seen and heard across the country. Public transport stations, announcements and major road signs will have destinations written in both English and Irish.

Even though everyone speaks English there are still parts of the country considered Gaeltacht regions that speak Irish, mainly in the northwest and west of Ireland. Locals will also speak English as some of these places rely on tourism for revenue and not all Irish speak Gaeilge.

Accents in Ireland differ from county to county. This will take some getting used to, particularly for those going to Kerry, Cork, and some areas of Dublin. Irish people are used to tourists and generally don't mind repeating themselves if needed.

There will be numerous colloquial references that will also take some getting used to. A book of 'Irish-isms' can help. 

Religion in Ireland

Ireland is a Catholic country although other religions are present and respected. However, like anywhere, there may be pockets of ignorance and misunderstanding. 

Expats visiting or moving to the northern areas of the Republic of Ireland or to Northern Ireland itself should be aware that there is still tension across the borders. Rather than discuss the history of this, just be aware that it can sometimes present itself as 'Protestants in the North' and 'Catholics in the South'.

Present-day Ireland is far removed from its troubled past, but expats should educate themselves on the area they are going to and be respectful of the beliefs of the local population. 

Manners and hospitality in Ireland

The Irish pride themselves on their generosity and hospitality. This is visible when being invited to someone’s home as biscuits and tea are usually provided and sometimes expected.

These manners are less present in shops, food markets and on public transportation. Cutting in line is rare, but gestures like opening doors for others or giving up a seat for a woman aren't usually seen in the younger generation. Nevertheless, such actions are still appreciated, even if they aren't entirely expected.

Irish embassies

• Irish Embassy, Washington DC, United States: +1 202 462 3939

• Irish Embassy, London, United Kingdom: +44 20 7235 2171

• Irish Embassy, Ottawa, Canada: +1 613 233 6281

• Irish Embassy, Canberra, Australia: +61 2 6214 0000

• Irish Embassy, Pretoria, South Africa: +27 12 452 1000

• Irish Embassy, Wellington, New Zealand: +64 4 471 2252

Foreign embassies in Ireland

• United States Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 668 8777

• British Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 205 3700

• Canadian Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 234 4000

• Australian Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 664 5300

• South African Embassy, Dublin: +353 1 661 5553

Expats will find that the cost of living in Ireland is manageable but varies depending on the town or city, with Dublin being the most expensive place to live. The Mercer Cost of Living Survey for 2022 confirms this, and ranked Dublin as the 49th most expensive city out of the 227 cities surveyed worldwide.

Expats in Ireland are typically supported by well-paying jobs that enable them to enjoy a high quality of life. Accommodation will usually be an expat's biggest expense, followed by groceries, healthcare and education.

Cost of accommodation in Ireland

The cost of accommodation in Ireland continues to rise year on year, and the prices in Dublin are especially steep nowadays. This is largely due to high demand and low availability of housing. Expats should therefore leave plenty of room in their budget for accommodation costs. Competition for rental homes can be stiff, so if expats find something that suits them, they should be ready to act fast.

Cost of food and entertainment in Ireland

The price of groceries in Ireland varies widely, depending on which supermarket one frequents. Buying imported goods will also push up expenses, so it's best to stick to local seasonal produce.

Maintaining a social life and eating out in restaurants, especially in Dublin, can be expensive, so expats keen for a night out should make sure to keep an eye on their budget. 

Cost of education in Ireland

Public education in Ireland is free to all children residing in the country, including expats. Most expats choose to send their children to public schools due to the high standards of education offered. Parents may be expected to pay for school uniforms and books, as well as extra-curricular activities, but will not usually pay anything for tuition.

On the other hand, private and international schools in Ireland are pricey, and parents wishing to send their child to a private school should make sure they can afford to cover the costs involved. 

Cost of healthcare in Ireland

Although public healthcare in Ireland is free or subsidised for all residents, most expats still choose to use private health facilities. Patients in private hospitals are required to pay the full cost of treatment, which can be expensive. Most employers provide private health insurance, and this is something that expats should ensure that they have in place before moving to Ireland.

Cost of living in Ireland chart

Note that prices may vary depending on location and service provider. The prices listed are average prices for Dublin in January 2023.